LDHA and neoplasm: The tumor suppression effect of berberine may also be the consequence of mitochondria inhibition through AMPK activation,40, 41, 42 apoptosis and autophagy induction,43, 44, 45 oxidative phosphorylation, and redox regulation46, 47; thereby, although LDHA inhibition plays a critical role, this is not the sole mechanism of berberine on suppressing pancreatic cancer cell progression.