TNF and Alzheimer disease: Neuroinflammation is another pathological change of AD.6 In this study, we found that the level of inflammation in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice was signify-cantly increased (Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly increased, P < 0.001, Fig. 5e–g), indicating the occurrence and development of neuroinflammation, while the therapeutic effect of Mm was limited.