The blockade of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) or the PD-1 ligand, PD-L1 have achieved survival rates of 20–30% in treating cancers such as non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), melanoma, kidney, and bladder cancer [35, 36]. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.