CCL2 and neoplasm: Further mechanistic study shows that loss of PC-β3-integrin expression increases the production of paracrine factors, including CCL2, CXCL1, and TIMP1, via activation of the FAK-HGFR-Akt-NF-κB signaling pathway, while PC-derived CCL2 enhances MEK1-ERK1/2-ROCK2 mediated tumor growth, suggesting that inhibition of ROCK in tumors with low PC-β3-integrin expression could potentially control cancer growth (Wong et al., 2020).