TGFB1 and neoplasm: While in most types of tumor tissues, under the influence of signals originating from cancer cells or normal cells present in the TME, TAMs generally exhibit a higher degree of similarity to M2 macrophages and produce anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (e.g. TGF-β, IL-10, CCL18, CCL22) that have little cytotoxic effect on tumor cells, but possess pro-tumor properties (16, 18).