In a study of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, for example, it was observed that a CD40 agonist prompted macrophage infiltration into tumor tissue and converted TAMs to an anti−tumor phenotype, and a combination of CD40 agonists and the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine resulted in tumor remission in patients with advanced disease (136). The gene discussed is CD40; the disease is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.