Interestingly, several circulating biomarkers like cytokines, are investigated in RCC patients (63), including IL-6, IL-1 and others; in fact, in RCC, pretreatment concentrations of plasma biomarkers (e.g., cytokines and angiogenic factors) have previously been studied in order to predict the outcome of VEGF or mTOR blocking agents (64). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and renal cell carcinoma.