For OPMD, five proteins (AAT, APOA1, IGKC, SAMP, and VDBP) were found to have an increased expression, and the expression levels of 7 proteins (AINX, AMBP, CLU, HP, PRDX2, RAD50, and RBP4) were decreased when compared with controls. This evidence concerns the gene PRDX2 and oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.