GARIN1B and Abnormal sperm morphology: Despite the fact that this gene had a significant association with the spermatogenic pattern (Table 3), as well as coordinated and additive effects on sperm quality indicators (Figure 7), the homozygous allele (C–C), which determined low levels of spermatogenic indicators (oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia), was characterized by almost an order of magnitude lower frequency compared to the allele (G–G) of the FAM71F1 gene (Figure 6).