VMA21 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Circ-VMA21 (Cheng et al., 2018), circ-CIDN (Xiang et al., 2020), circ-4099 (Wang et al., 2018), circ-ERCC2 (Xie et al., 2019), and miR-141 inhibitor (Ji et al., 2018) were reported to be involved in regulating NPC apoptosis and ECM metabolism and also alleviate IDD in vitro and in vivo.