High glucose conditions increase the levels of ROS, phospho-ERK, phospho-JNK, phospho-p38, NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in rat osteoclasts differentiated from bone marrow-derived monocytes, suggesting a role of inflammasome activation in the interaction between diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis (331). The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.