Reduced IL-19 and IL-10 expression, which may be caused by decreased ERK1 and ERK2 activities and impaired epigenetic remodeling, also enhances the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in CRMO monocytes, and recombinant IL-19 or IL-10 significantly reduces IL-1β levels (199, 202). Here, IL19 is linked to chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis.