Fitting with a limited activation of resident KCs, we recently found that even after prolonged exposure to western diet (24-36 weeks) and establishment of MAFLD and NASH, resident TIM4+ KCs did not dramatically alter their transcriptional profile, particularly in relation to expression of prototypical immune activation genes such as pro-inflammatory cytokines (4). The gene discussed is TIMD4; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.