ALB and diabetic kidney disease: Besides, the components of the glomerular filtrate, such as albumin, advanced glycation end products, growth hormones, etc., interacted with the tubular system and contributed to increased energy consumption, renal oxidative stress, cortical interstitial inflammation, impairment of autophagy, stimulation of hypoxia, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in DKD (6, 62–64).