Accumulating evidence indicates that a fraction of CIDP patients carries autoantibodies against nodal or paranodal proteins (Figure 1A), such as neurofascin (NF) 155 (NF155) (1–7), neurofascin 186 (NF186) (1), contactin 1 (CNTN1) (8–10), and contactin-associated protein 1 (CASPR1) (11). This evidence concerns the gene NFASC and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.