ABL1 and cancer: Additionally, DNA damage-induced ABL1/c-Abl (ABL proto-oncogene 1) activation can promote the phosphorylation of OTULIN, which enhances its interaction with β-catenin and promotes the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling (Table 3) This mechanism plays a critical role in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression, metastasis, and drug resistance to cancer treatments (Douglas and Saleh, 2019; Wang Y. et al., 2020; Wang and Wu, 2020).