UGT1A1 and colitis: Fecal OMVs (outer membrane vesicles) from colitis induced rats (DSS) reduced the expression of enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) in human Caco-2 cells while OMVs from healthy rats upregulated the enzyme expression (X. J. Gao et al., 2018).