To illustrate the heterogeneity of leukemia at diagnosis regarding the effect of treatment, Fig. 1 (L Madaci/ B Loriod personal data) shows the expression in an AML of seven drug-resistance genes (P-gp, MRP, GSt, Bcl-2, TGFb, Gal-9 and CLIP, for review, [69]). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and leukemia.