Our findings in the midbrain concord with the widespread reduction of GAD mRNA and protein across multiple brain regions in schizophrenia [25–29], although they are in contrast to a single immunoblotting study in the midbrain demonstrating increased GAD67 protein in schizophrenia (12 control, 13 schizophrenia cases) [30]. This evidence concerns the gene GAD1 and schizophrenia.