To test our hypotheses, we sought to determine in a human midbrain cohort (28/28 and 28/26 control/schizophrenia cases for mRNA and protein, respectively), whether GAD1 mRNA and GAD protein, as well as PV, SST and VGAT mRNA transcripts are lower in the midbrain in schizophrenia. This evidence concerns the gene GAD1 and schizophrenia.