Studies of fALS patients have identified a number of genes which are causally associated with ALS (Table 1), the two most common of which are the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) gene [9, 10], and the copper − zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene [11]. This evidence concerns the gene C9orf72 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.