Although under physiological conditions, oxidative stress can be counteracted by the eye antioxidant defense system, relying on a vast variety of compounds, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), and metallothioneins (MTs), the pathophysiological alterations during glaucoma onset and progression may affect the aqueous humor dynamics, triggering oxidative damages in the trabecular meshwork, which results in IOP elevation and RGC death [7, 8]. The gene discussed is CAT; the disease is glaucoma.