As MDS is frequently associated with deregulated inflammatory signaling profiles in the BM [23], we also performed reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR analyses to interrogate the expression levels of the inflammation-associated genes S100A8, S100A9, CASP1, and NLRP3 in primary patient and PDX samples (Supplementary Fig. S5), to evaluate their predictive value for EPAG response. The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.