Accordingly to our results, previous study shows that inhibition of TNF-α by anti-TNF-α antibodies reduces both growth of PDAC tumours in PDX model and the number of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) as well as the amount of collagen [56, 57], indicating the possible effects of anti-TNF-α on PDAC-induced desmoplasia. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and neoplasm.