TGFB1 and neoplasm: Other tumor-related pathways, such as Notch, interleukin 6 (IL-6)/JAK/STAT, Toll-like receptor, C-X-C chemokine ligand type 12 (CXCL12)/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), Wnt-β-catenin, and transforming growth factor (TGF-β), are also activated by a distance-dependent interaction between immune cells and their environment (112–116).