HP and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, zonulin levels [OR 0.99 (0.98–0.99, P = 0.012)] and hypertension [OR 0.07 (0.01–0.62, P = 0.017)] were independently associated to renal outcomes, after adjustment for T2DM, dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity, and age.