Pulmonary endothelial AMPK is down-regulated in pulmonary hypertensive patients and hypoxia-induced PH animals, compared with that from healthy donors or non-PH animals, respectively (Teng et al., 2013; Afolayan et al., 2016; Omura et al., 2016; Rana et al., 2020). The gene discussed is PRKAA2; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.