PITX1 and carcinoma: As previous studies have described a barrier disrupting effect induced by Bft in some other colonic (adeno)carcinoma cell lines, such as HT-29 or T84 (Chambers et al., 1997; Obiso et al., 1997), but not in others, for instance Caco-2, NCI-H508 and LS174T (Van Tassell et al., 1992), we also tested the effect of bft-positive culture supernatant on a more physiological CD patient-derived colonic organoid model of epithelial barrier function (Xu et al., 2018).