With respect to NSCLC, a preclinical study by Akbay et al. based on a murine model of lung tumorigenesis revealed that tumor production of IL-17A and neutrophil influx were key events not only in disease progression, but also in mediating resistance to PD-1-targeted immunotherapy (Akbay et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.