LDHA and hypertensive nephropathy: To further verify that HIF-1α was a target of QYYY in hypertensive nephropathy and study the role of HIF-1α and PKM2 in the metabolic reprogramming, we observed the effect of QYYY on HIF-1α and its downstream PKM2, GLUT1, LDH-A, and IL-6 in hypoxic HEK 293T cells in which HIF-1α was over expressed and found that over-expression of HIF-1α partially abolished the effects of QYYY on hypertensive nephropathy.