IL33 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: However, the most profound changes after UPM stimulation for IL-33 mRNA expression was found for COPD epithelial/moDCs co-cultures (compared to control, p = 0.02) epithelial/ moMφs co-cultures (p = 0.03) and triple co-cultures (p = 0.01) (compared to asthma) (Fig. 8).