STAT1 and renal fibrosis: There are also related reports that STAT1 knockdown can inhibit cell death, which highlights the importance of STAT1 as a new treatment for renal fibrosis (Wang S. et al., 2018); RELA and JUN are involved in the inflammatory response and renal fibrosis in the process of DN, and their activity can be mediated by the MAPK pathway (Turpaev, 2006; Sanchez and Sharma, 2009).