In conclusion, TW may inhibit HIF-1, VEGF, TNF-A and other influencing factors through signalling pathways such as AGE-RAGE, VEGF, HIF-1, relaxation, TNF and insulin resistance, thereby reducing the inflammatory response, antioxidant stress, regulating immune regulation, inhibiting angiopathy, delaying renal fibrosis, repairing podocytes and finally delaying the progression of DN. Here, VEGFA is linked to renal fibrosis.