HIF1A and renal fibrosis: In conclusion, TW may inhibit HIF-1, VEGF, TNF-A and other influencing factors through signalling pathways such as AGE-RAGE, VEGF, HIF-1, relaxation, TNF and insulin resistance, thereby reducing the inflammatory response, antioxidant stress, regulating immune regulation, inhibiting angiopathy, delaying renal fibrosis, repairing podocytes and finally delaying the progression of DN.