INS and Zinc deficiency: Despite the negative effects of additional non-HSA bound zinc in plasma that we have shown, many individuals with T2DM take zinc supplementation because of their zinc deficiency, and this has been shown to have beneficial effects (improved insulin and glucose levels and decreased risk of developing T2DM).63–65 However, while supplementation may increase zinc availability throughout the body, it likely also increases zinc binding to other plasma proteins,10 including coagulation proteins, with further consequences for thrombotic risk in individuals with T2DM.