Ping et al. (2014) showed that the glioma pathway was affected by 12 different genes (including EGFR, PDGFRA, CAMK2B, AKT1, CDK4, MDM2, NRAS, PIK3CA, TGFA, SHC4, CDKN2A, and PDGFA) with significant patterns of mutual exclusivity. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and central nervous system cancer.