PTEN and colorectal carcinoma: Human CRC tissues have high levels of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1), which regulates energy metabolism, and in CRC HCT116 cells Glut1 induces proliferation and apoptotic resistance via activation of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, TGF-β1, and Bcl-2 expression, and inactivation of PTEN, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP (Wu et al., 2018).