Totally, 33 tested cytokines/chemokines were found to be significantly elevated in HAdV patients with ARDS, among which elevation of IP-10, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, MIP-1α, MIG, and IFN-γ have also been found from children patients in previous studies (34, 49). Here, IL1A is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.