examined the expression of CX3CL1 in renal biopsies from patients with acute glomerulonephritis due to ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) or with acute transplant rejection, using either normal tissue obtained at the time of tumour nephrectomy or biopsies showing minimal change disease as negative controls. Here, CX3CL1 is linked to anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.