Serial sectioning indicated that some of the CX3CR1+ cells were CD68+ monocyte/macrophages or CD3+ T-cells but not all cells co-stained with these markers and double immunofluorescence studies indicated that, in advanced renal fibrosis, tubular epithelial cells, myofibroblasts (α-SMA+) and dendritic cells (CD11c+) also express CX3CR1. This evidence concerns the gene CX3CR1 and renal fibrosis.