An extension study showed that TB-driven BTLA expression in DCs could affect their biological characteristics and immune functions, which was associated with an increased capacity to produce IL-4 and TGF-β and a decreased capacity of DCs to produce the key cytokine IL-12, and to induce T cell proliferation and differentiation into Th subsets, resulting in altered anti-TB immune responses and immunity (35). Here, IL4 is linked to tuberculosis.