BTLA and Sepsis: 1. The number of infiltrating BTLA- and HVEM-expressing macrophages, inflammatory monocytes, mature and immature DCs, and neutrophils increased in the peritoneum in mice with acute experimental sepsis induction.2. BTLA and HVEM monocytes in peripheral blood and HVEM granulocytes were increased in septic ICU patients.3. BTLA can serve as makers to predict the occurrence of sepsis.