Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated that astrocytoma patients with higher than median YKL-40 and latent form of TGF-β1 levels in blood serum survived significantly longer (p = 0.031 and p = 0.035, respectively), while the lower than median protein concentration in patient serum indicated shorter patients’ survival. The gene discussed is CHI3L1; the disease is astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).