PDCD1 and neoplasm: As the number of SPAS-1+ T cells in blood, spleen, and tumor had contracted to comparable levels and with similar intratumoral PD-1 expression by day 21 (Fig. 5b; Fig. 6i–k), we further examined the intratumoral phenotypes and functional characteristics of SPAS-1+ T cells from dual IRE + anti-CTLA-4 therapy at day 14.