TNF and infection: To confirm that IAP inhibitor, Debio 1143, was utilizing the TNF pathway to cause apoptosis in HBV-infected cells, TNF−/− and C57Bl/6 mice were infected with HBV 1.0 mer (genotype D3) and one week after infection we commenced a 2-week treatment course with daily oral Debio 1143 or vehicle (Fig. 3I).