A recent study identified major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-binding epitopes in the tail length tape measure protein (TMP) of a prophage found in the genome of the bacteriophage Enterococcus hirae and demonstrated that Enterococcus hirae harboring this prophage induced a TMP-specific MHC-restricted CD8+ T cell response upon immunotherapy with cyclophosphamide or anti-PD-1 antibodies in a mouse tumor model [69]. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.