VEGFA and neoplasm: Growing evidence from preclinical data suggests that combining anti-angiogenic drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors results in a reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment to become less immunosuppressive and more immunostimulatory through a variety of mechanisms.[13] Specifically, targeted agents that inhibit VEGF activity result in increased antigen presentation by dendritic cells, activation of T cells, and downregulation of immunosuppressive cytokines and regulatory T cells.