It is also found in neuroendocrine cells, neuroendocrine tumors,[11] and red blood cells (false positive due to hemolysis).[12]Its half-life is approximately 24 to 30 hours.[13] NSE has been applied as a biomarker for the differential diagnosis of small cell lung cancer.[14] It also has a certain predictive value for the prognosis of patients with severe traumatic brain injury.[15] Previous animal studies have found that hemorrhagic shock or femoral fractures, rather than traumatic brain injury, can also cause an increase in NSE.[16]. This evidence concerns the gene ENO2 and brain injury.