In conclusion, our deep cultural and genotypic analyses of S. aureus diversity revealed that in CF patients with long-term airway infection, a high diversity of S. aureus phenotypes is present, which is highly dynamic and associated with inflammation of airways as assessed by inflammatory parameters such as IL-6, S100A8/9, and CRP in sera and P. aeruginosa coinfection. The gene discussed is S100A8; the disease is cystic fibrosis.