Taken together, these results indicated that Smad1 was a novel direct target of miR-486a-5p and was negatively regulated by miR-486a-5p in CFs, suggesting a role for Smad1 in cardiac fibrosis induced by IgE/miR-486a-5p. The gene discussed is IGHE; the disease is myalgic encephalomeyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.