CCN4 and Lassa fever: Emerging evidence has suggested that WISP-1 is involved in the initiation and progression of fibrosis in various organs.13,18,19 Our previous studies have shown that WISP-1 expression is increased in hypertrophic LF tissue and is strongly associated with LF fibrosis.14 However, the upstream mechanism of the abnormal expression of WISP-1 in LF tissue has remained unclear.