TP53 and neoplasm: For example, CDKN2A has been demonstrated to inhibit EMT and stimulate cancer immunity.48–50MDM2 amplification can promote EMT and suppresses cancer immunity.50,51 Mutations of P53 are well known to promote EMT in various types of cancer.52–54 However, several studies have suggested that mutant P53 inhibits immune evasion, whereas activation of wild-type P53 overcomes immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment.55–57 Consistently, we observed that mutations of P53 were positively correlated with ECI (Fig. 5D).