TXNDC2 (effect size = − 4.25, FDR = 1.44E−15), PRM1 (effect size = − 5.37, FDR = 1.99E−10), PRM2 (effect size = − 5.16, FDR = 3.60E−10), and TNP1 (effect size = − 7.05, FDR = 6.48E−16) were all downregulated in the idiopathic azoospermia dataset. This evidence concerns the gene TNP1 and Azoospermia.