IRF1 and dysplasia: Furthermore, the expressions of CD8 as a CTL marker (P = 0.001), γH2AX as a DSB marker (P = 0.031), IRF-1 as a transcriptional factor for PD-L1 (P = 0.005), and PD-L1 (P = 0.003) in UC-associated dysplasia/colitic cancer were significantly higher than that noted for SCRC (Table 4).