Although IFN-γ has been reported to upregulate the immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1 in cancer cells, it is also involved in boosting antitumor immunity induced by therapeutic antibodies.43,44 Consistent with these results, we demonstrated a dual role of IFN-γ derived from activated NK cells in trastuzumab-induced antitumor immunity. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and cancer.