The Th1 cytokine interferon-γ (IFNγ) together with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), promotes classically activated proinflammatory macrophages (commonly known as M1-like macrophages), which secrete proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β to induce inflammatory responses and fight against infection; generate highly reactive oxygen species and nitrogen intermediates to gain efficient microbicidal and tumoricidal activities; and increase major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I/II, CD80, and CD86 expression (1, 2). The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is infection.