MAPK8 and diabetes mellitus: To further delineate the underlying signaling mechanism of how PKR is involved in diabetes and the role of IHZ, we assessed the effect of IHZ on the expression of PKR and JNK in the pancreatic tissue both at protein as well as mRNA levels, as PKR is involved in multiple signaling cascades, including the JNK signaling pathway and the role of JNK in diabetes and inflammation is well documented12.